编辑“马克思主义”

[[File:Marx and Engels 1848.png|thumb|Painting illustrating [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]], the founders of scientific socialism]]'''马克思主义'''是由[[卡尔·马克思]]和[[弗里德里希·恩格斯|Friedrich Engels]]创立的科学世界观与思想流派。马克思主义发展起来的理论基础是法国[[空想社会主义]]、英国[[政治经济学]]和德国古典[[哲学]]的批判性结合。 自19世纪以来，马克思主义发展成几种不同的流派，如[[马克思列宁主义]]、[[毛泽东思想]]、胡志明思想等许多流派。马克思主义科学世界观是通过基于历史[[唯物主义]]的社会和历史发展研究形成的。马克思主义科学世界观是通过基于历史唯物主义方法对社会和历史发展的研究形成的。

马克思和恩格斯首先在与[[空想社会主义]]者斗争时发展了科学社会主义，《[[资本论]]》第一卷的发行使其发展更进一步。[[列宁]]在二十世纪实现了无产阶级专政。
==History==
Marx and Engels critically rethought and creatively reworked the achievements of the previous scientific and social thought of mankind and summarized the experience of the class struggle and revolutionary movement of the working masses.

Marxism, as a complete theoretical system, was developed in the course of integration with the practice of workers' movements and revolutionary struggles in various countries, as well as in the course of struggle against all kinds of erroneous ideological trends, and in the course of creative research on new problems and new situations raised by the development of the times.

After the death of Marx and Engels, their successors continued to push Marxism forward. Lenin combined Marxism with the concrete practice of the Russian Revolution to develop Marxism creatively. Created Marxism's theory of imperialism. He developed the theories of Marx and Engels on the proletarian revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, and formulated the doctrine of the establishment of a new type of proletarian party. He summed up the practical experience of Soviet Russia and put forward the basic principles and guiding theory of socialist construction. Lenin's development of Marxism brought Marxism to a new stage - the stage of Leninism.
===Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union===
With the [[October Revolution]] in 1917 the [[Bolsheviks]] took power from the [[Russian Provisional Government]]. The Bolsheviks established the first [[socialist state]] based on the ideas of [[soviet democracy]] and [[Leninism]]. Their newly formed federal state promised to end Russian involvement in [[World War I]] and establish a revolutionary worker's state. Following the October Revolution the Soviet government was involved in a struggle with the [[White Movement]] and several independence movements in the [[Russian Civil War]]. This period is marked by the establishment of many socialist policies and the development of new socialist ideas mainly in the form of [[Marxism–Leninism]].

In 1919, the nascent Soviet Government established the [[Communist Academy]] and the [[Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute]] for doctrinal Marxist study as well as to publish official ideological and research documents for the Russian Communist Party. With Lenin's death in 1924, there was an internal struggle in the Soviet Communist movement, mainly between [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Leon Trotsky]] in the form of the [[Right Opposition]] and [[Left Opposition]] respectively. These struggles were based on both sides different interpretations of Marxist and Leninist theory based on the situation of the [[Soviet Union]] at the time.
===Chinese Revolution===
At the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War and more widely World War II, the Chinese Communist Revolution took place within the context of the Chinese Civil War. The [[Communist Party of China]], represented by [[Mao Zedong]], combined the basic theories of Marxism with Chinese history and social practice, and founded Mao Zedong Thought. The [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) was declared in 1949, founded on the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin.
===Late 20th century===
In 1959, the [[Cuban Revolution]] led to the victory of [[Fidel Castro]] and his July 26 Movement. Although the revolution was not explicitly socialist, upon victory Castro ascended to the position of prime minister and adopted the [[Leninism|Leninist]] model of socialist development, forging an alliance with the Soviet Union.
===21st century===
At the turn of the 21st century, China, [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]], [[Lao People's Democratic Republic|Laos]], [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|North Korea]] and [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam|Vietnam]] remained the only officially Marxist–Leninist states remaining, although a Maoist government led by Prachanda was elected into power in Nepal in 2008 following a long guerrilla struggle.

The early 21st century also saw the election of socialist governments in several Latin American nations, in what has come to be known as the "[[pink tide]]". Dominated by the Venezuelan government of [[Hugo Chávez]], this trend also saw the election of [[Evo Morales]] in Bolivia, [[Rafael Correa]] in Ecuador and [[Daniel Ortega]] in [[Nicaragua]]. Forging political and economic alliances through international organizations like the [[Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas]], these socialist governments allied themselves with Marxist–Leninist Cuba and although none of them espoused a Leninist path directly, most admitted to being significantly influenced by Marxist theory.

At an event celebrating the 200th anniversary of Marx's birth, Xi said "We must win the advantages, win the initiative, and win the future. We must continuously improve the ability to use Marxism to analyze and solve practical problems", adding that Marxism is a "powerful ideological weapon for us to understand the world, grasp the law, seek the truth, and change the world". Xi has further stressed the importance of examining and continuing the tradition of the CPC and embrace its revolutionary past. struggle and revolutionary movement of the working masses.

The most important theoretical sources of Marxism were classical German philosophy, English political economy and French utopian socialism. Marxism took a fundamentally new approach to solving practical and theoretical problems and gave a scientific answer to the main questions posed by the course of social development and, above all, by the development of capitalism and the labor movement; it overcame the idealism and anti-historical, contemplative nature typical of previous social thought.
==Theory==
Marx famously states in the [[Library:Manifesto of the communist party|Communist Manifesto]]:<blockquote>The theory of Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property.<ref>[[Library:Manifesto of the communist party]]</ref></blockquote>Marxist theory can be divided into three parts, each part deriving from a different period of his life: Marxist Philosophy, inspired by German Philosophy, Marxist Political Theory, inspired by French Socialism, and Marxian Economics, inspired by English Political Economy.<ref name=":0">[[Library:The three sources and three component parts of Marxism]]</ref>
===Philosophy===
Marxist philosophy is a [[Materialism|materialist]] philosophy, and it is principally concerned with [[Dialectical Materialism|Dialectical materialism]], and [[Historical Materialism|Historical materialism]]. Marx was originally a [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegelian]] scholar and was often associated with the [[Young Hegelians]], a group of radical Hegelian philosophers in Germany at the time. Like many other Young Hegelians, he distanced himself from them but his philosophy continued to use the same foundation.<ref name=":0" />
===Politics===
Marxist political thought is his by far Marx's most famous legacy. Marx was initially persuaded by the views of French Socialists such as [[Robert Owen]], [[Henri Saint-Simon]] and [[Charles Fourier]].<ref name=":0" /> He later rejected their theories, denouncing it as [[Utopian Socialism|Utopian socialism]] with no theoretical basis, proposing [[Scientific socialism|Scientific Socialism]] instead.
===Economics===
Marxist political economy is an application of his philosophy to capitalist economies. His theories were inspired by the British Political Economists [[Adam Smith]] and [[David Ricardo]].<ref name=":0" /> He showed how capitalism can be analyzed through its own contradictions, beginning in [[Library:Capital, vol. I|Capital]] with the commodity.
==References==
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