日本:修订间差异

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(创建页面,内容为“{{Infobox country |name=日本 |native_name=日本国 |capital=东京|largest_city=东京|official_languages=日语|government_type=单一君主立宪制|mode_of_production=资本主义|leader_title1=天皇|leader_name1=德仁|leader_title2=首相|leader_name2=菅义伟|area_km2=377,975|population_estimate=125,360,000|population_estimate_year=2021|currency=日元|image_flag=Flag of Japan.svg}}'''Japan''' (日本) is an island country in East Asia. Japan spa…”)
 
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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|name=日本
|name=日本
|native_name=日本
|native_name=日本(  にほん、にっぽん)
|capital=东京|largest_city=东京|official_languages=日语|government_type=单一君主立宪制|mode_of_production=[[资本主义]]|leader_title1=天皇|leader_name1=德仁|leader_title2=首相|leader_name2=菅义伟|area_km2=377,975|population_estimate=125,360,000|population_estimate_year=2021|currency=日元|image_flag=Flag of Japan.svg}}'''Japan''' (日本) is an island country in East Asia. Japan spans an archipelago of 6852 islands; the four main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.
|capital=东京|largest_city=东京|official_languages=日语|government_type=单一君主立宪制|mode_of_production=[[资本主义]]|leader_title1=天皇|leader_name1=德仁|leader_title2=首相|leader_name2=菅义伟|area_km2=377,975|population_estimate=125,360,000 一亿二千五百三十六万|population_estimate_year=2021|currency=日元|image_flag=Flag of Japan.svg}}'''日本'''是[[东亚]]的一个岛国。日本拥有6852个岛屿。四个主要岛屿是北海道,本州,四国,九州。


The first written mention of the archipelago appears in the Chinese chronicle, ''the Book of Han,'' finished in the 2nd century AD. The country was unified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1931, Japan invaded [[China]], and later in 1937 Japan reignited hostilities, starting [[World War II]]. Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under a seven-year occupation.
第一个提到日本的文献是公元2世纪的中国编年体史书''《汉书》''。1603年,德川幕府统一日本。1931年,日本入侵[[中国]],1937年中日战争全面爆发,[[第二次世界大战]]开始。日本于1945年投降,并被占领七年。


Japan is a member of the [[United Nations]], the [[OECD]], and the [[Group of Seven]]. It is an ally of the United States, and is also a capitalist country. Japan is a highly economically developed country, but suffers from the wealth inequality inherent in capitalism. Japan also has a problem with ultranationalist groups, one being [[Nippon Kaigi]], of which the previous Prime Minister, [[Shinzo Abe]], is a member.
日本是[[联合国]][[经合组织]][[七国集团]]平台。日本是[[美国]]的盟友,是资本主义国家。日本是经济高度发达,但却饱受[[资本主义]]固有的贫富差距大之苦。日本有许多[[极端民族主义]]团体,其中之一是[[日本会议]],前任首相[[安倍晋三]]就是其中的一员。


Despite being a capitalist country and geopolitical US ally, the US still saw them as an economic rival in the 1980s due to their rising economic power, and actively sabotaged their economy.
尽管美国同样是资本主义国家且日本是美国的地缘政治盟友,但由于日本经济实力的上升,美国在1980年代仍将日本视为经济对手,并采取多种手段阻碍日本经济发展。


Japan has not invaded another country since World War II, as their constitution forbids them from doing so. However, their military bases are of vital importance for the US to maintain their hegemony in east Asia.
自二战以来,日本没有入侵过任何国家,因为其宪法禁止这样做。然而,日本作为军事基地对于[[美国]]维持其在东亚的霸权至关重要。
==History==
==历史==
In the sixth century A.D., Japan came into contact with [[China]] on a large scale, and its culture was deeply influenced by [[Chinese culture]] and entered into [[feudal society]]。
六世纪,日本与[[中国]]大规模接触,其文化深受中国文化影响,步入[[封建社会]]。


In 1853, American warships forced their way into Edo Bay, which was called the [[Black Ship Turmoil]](黒船来航). Japan saw the power of Western countries and began to reform.The Meiji Restoration brought Japan into capitalism, and Japan began imperialist acts of foreign expansion.In 1894 Japan invaded China and Korea and started the Sino-Japanese War. The Qing army was defeated and signed the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, which required China to cede Taiwan and some other islands to Japan.
1853年,美国军舰强行进入江户湾,被称为“[[黑船事件]]”。日本看到了西方国家的强大,开始改革。[[明治维新]]使日本进入[[资本主义]]时代,也开始了[[帝国主义]]对外扩张。1894年,日本入侵中国和朝鲜,即“[[甲午战争]]”。清军战败,签署了不平等的《[[马关条约]]》,将[[台湾]]、[[澎湖]]及其附属岛屿割让给日本。


In 1904, war broke out between two imperialist countries, Japan and Russia. Most of the battles of this war were fought on the territory of China and Korea. Japan eventually won the war.
1904年,[[日本]]和[[俄罗斯]]两个帝国主义国家之间爆发了战争。这场战争的大部分战役都是在[[中国]]和[[朝鲜]]的领土上进行的。日本最终赢得了战争。
===World War II===
The 14-year Chinese war of resistance against Japanese aggression began on 18 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of [[Manchuria]].<ref>{{Web citation|journalist=You Yang, Shi Xuchen|date=2020-10-15|title=A look back at China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-15/A-look-back-at-China-s-War-of-Resistance-Against-Japanese-Aggression-SYEXkRUBIQ/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref>


The Japanese invasion united the Communist Party of China with the Kuomintang, and on July 7, 1937 the Japanese army, claiming that its soldiers had wandered off during maneuvers on Chinese territory, demanded to enter the city of Wanping to search it, and after being refused, launched a heavy attack on the city.
===第二次世界大战===
======Atrocities committed by the Japanese======
1931年9月18日,日本入侵[[满洲]],即[[九一八事变]]。中国开始了长达14年的抗日战争。<ref>{{Web citation|journalist=You Yang, Shi Xuchen|date=2020-10-15|title=A look back at China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-15/A-look-back-at-China-s-War-of-Resistance-Against-Japanese-Aggression-SYEXkRUBIQ/index.html|newspaper=CGTN}}</ref>
In northeast China, the Japanese Army established the 731 Biochemical Unit to conduct bacteriological and poisonous gas experiments on Chinese people, including exposing living people to -20 degrees Celsius outdoors for several hours before pouring hot boiling water over them. The unit also released plague-infected rats into villages to study the spread of the disease. More than 3,000 victims of live experiments by the unit alone are registered.


In December 1937, the Japanese army carried out a massacre after capturing the Chinese capital [[Nanjing]]. The death toll exceeded 300,000, and China designated December 13 as the National Day of Public Sacrifice.Japanese newspapers openly reported a "killing contest" between two Japanese soldiers([[向井敏明]] and [[野田毅]]), in which the first one to kill 100 Chinese people won. At the same time, Japan stole ancient Chinese documents and artifacts from Nanjing and sent them to Japan itself. [[John H. D. Rabe]], a member of the Nazi Party in Nanjing, relied on his status to shelter, along with other foreigners, 250,000 Chinese from Japanese murder. His diaries reveal Japanese atrocities.
日本的入侵使国共联合为抗日民族统一战线,1937年7月7日,日军声称其士兵在中国领土上失踪,要求进入宛平城搜查,遭拒绝后对宛平城猛攻。即[[七七事变]]
======日本暴行======
在中国东北,日本陆军[[731生化部队]],在中国人身上进行细菌和毒气实验,包括将活人暴露在零下20摄氏度的户外几个小时,然后将热开水倒在他们身上。731部队还将感染鼠疫的老鼠放到村庄,以研究疾病的传播情况。仅该部门就登记了3,000多名人体实验的受害者。


Japan surrendered on 1945 August 9. This decision is often blamed on the [[U.S. bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]], but was also influenced by the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]'s invasion of southern [[Sakhalin]] and preparation to invade [[Hokkaido]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Ward Wilson|newspaper=Foreign Policy|title=The Bomb Didn’t Beat Japan … Stalin Did|date=2013-05-30|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125175559/https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did/|archive-date=2022-01-25|retrieved=2022-04-27}}</ref>
1937年12月,日军在占领[[中国首都]][[南京]]后进行了南京大屠杀。日本报纸公开报道两名日本士兵,[[向井敏明]]和[[野田毅]]之间的“杀人比赛”,其中第一个杀死100名中国人的人获胜。与此同时,日本从南京掠夺走了中国古代文献和文物到日本。在南京的纳粹党员约翰·H·D·拉贝(John H. D. Rabe)凭自己的身份,与其他外国人一起庇护了25万中国人免受日本人的屠杀。他的日记揭示了日本的暴行。
===After World War II===
 
The U.S. imperialists made Japan their puppet and exempted the Unit 731 war criminals from punishment in order to obtain the experimental data of Unit 731. To this day, the Japanese right wing refuses to acknowledge Japan's atrocities in China, and history textbooks make no mention of the [[Nanjing Massacre]]. Japan's Yasukuni Shrine is dedicated mainly to World War II war criminals, and former Japanese Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] has repeatedly visited the [[Yasukuni Shrine]]靖国神社), causing national outrage in [[China]] and [[Korea]].
日本于1945年8月9日投降。这一决定经常被归因于[[美国核爆广岛长崎]],但也受[[苏联]][[萨哈林岛]]的进攻和准备进攻[[北海道]]的影响.<ref>{{News citation|author=Ward Wilson|newspaper=Foreign Policy|title=The Bomb Didn’t Beat Japan … Stalin Did|date=2013-05-30|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125175559/https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/the-bomb-didnt-beat-japan-stalin-did/|archive-date=2022-01-25|retrieved=2022-04-27}}</ref>
==References==
===二战后===
[[美帝国主义]]傀儡了日本,为了获得731部队的实验数据,[[美国]]以免除731部队战犯刑罚为交换。直到今天,日本右翼仍拒绝承认日本在[[中国]]的暴行,历史教科书对[[南京大屠杀]]粗略盖过。日本的靖国神社主要供奉二战战犯,而日本前首相[[安倍晋三]]多次参拜[[靖国神社]],引起[[中华人民共和国|中]][[韩国|韩]]两国人民的愤怒。
==参考==
<references />
<references />

2022年8月11日 (四) 08:26的最新版本

日本
日本( にほん、にっぽん)
Flag of 日本
国旗
国徽
首都
与最大城市
东京
官方语言日语
生产方式资本主义
政府单一君主立宪制
• 天皇
德仁
• 首相
菅义伟
面积
• 总面积
377,975 km²
人口
• 2021年估算
125,360,000 一亿二千五百三十六万
货币日元

日本东亚的一个岛国。日本拥有6852个岛屿。四个主要岛屿是北海道,本州,四国,九州。

第一个提到日本的文献是公元2世纪的中国编年体史书《汉书》。1603年,德川幕府统一日本。1931年,日本入侵中国,1937年中日战争全面爆发,第二次世界大战开始。日本于1945年投降,并被占领七年。

日本是联合国经合组织七国集团平台。日本是美国的盟友,是资本主义国家。日本是经济高度发达,但却饱受资本主义固有的贫富差距大之苦。日本有许多极端民族主义团体,其中之一是日本会议,前任首相安倍晋三就是其中的一员。

尽管美国同样是资本主义国家且日本是美国的地缘政治盟友,但由于日本经济实力的上升,美国在1980年代仍将日本视为经济对手,并采取多种手段阻碍日本经济发展。

自二战以来,日本没有入侵过任何国家,因为其宪法禁止这样做。然而,日本作为军事基地对于美国维持其在东亚的霸权至关重要。

历史

六世纪,日本与中国大规模接触,其文化深受中国文化影响,步入封建社会

1853年,美国军舰强行进入江户湾,被称为“黑船事件”。日本看到了西方国家的强大,开始改革。明治维新使日本进入资本主义时代,也开始了帝国主义对外扩张。1894年,日本入侵中国和朝鲜,即“甲午战争”。清军战败,签署了不平等的《马关条约》,将台湾澎湖及其附属岛屿割让给日本。

1904年,日本俄罗斯两个帝国主义国家之间爆发了战争。这场战争的大部分战役都是在中国朝鲜的领土上进行的。日本最终赢得了战争。

第二次世界大战

1931年9月18日,日本入侵满洲,即九一八事变。中国开始了长达14年的抗日战争。[1]

日本的入侵使国共联合为抗日民族统一战线,1937年7月7日,日军声称其士兵在中国领土上失踪,要求进入宛平城搜查,遭拒绝后对宛平城猛攻。即七七事变

日本暴行

在中国东北,日本陆军731生化部队,在中国人身上进行细菌和毒气实验,包括将活人暴露在零下20摄氏度的户外几个小时,然后将热开水倒在他们身上。731部队还将感染鼠疫的老鼠放到村庄,以研究疾病的传播情况。仅该部门就登记了3,000多名人体实验的受害者。

1937年12月,日军在占领中国首都南京后进行了南京大屠杀。日本报纸公开报道两名日本士兵,向井敏明野田毅之间的“杀人比赛”,其中第一个杀死100名中国人的人获胜。与此同时,日本从南京掠夺走了中国古代文献和文物到日本。在南京的纳粹党员约翰·H·D·拉贝(John H. D. Rabe)凭自己的身份,与其他外国人一起庇护了25万中国人免受日本人的屠杀。他的日记揭示了日本的暴行。

日本于1945年8月9日投降。这一决定经常被归因于美国核爆广岛长崎,但也受苏联萨哈林岛的进攻和准备进攻北海道的影响.[2]

二战后

美帝国主义傀儡了日本,为了获得731部队的实验数据,美国以免除731部队战犯刑罚为交换。直到今天,日本右翼仍拒绝承认日本在中国的暴行,历史教科书对南京大屠杀粗略盖过。日本的靖国神社主要供奉二战战犯,而日本前首相安倍晋三多次参拜靖国神社,引起两国人民的愤怒。

参考

  1. "A look back at China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression" (2020-10-15). CGTN.
  2. Ward Wilson (2013-05-30). "The Bomb Didn’t Beat Japan … Stalin Did" Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2022-04-27.